![]() The use of both the API gravity and the Watson characterization factor provides a more complete description of the oil. Typically, oil composition is described by API gravity only. The principal factors affecting viscosity are: Viscosity correlations discussed in this page apply to Newtonian fluids. 4.3 Correlations for undersaturated oilįluids that exhibit viscosity behavior independent of shear rate are described as being Newtonian fluids.For all of these mechanisms, the key underlying control on groundwater movement is the viscous resistance resulting from the interaction of the fluid with solid surfaces in the aquifer (grain edges or fracture walls). Tortuosity is a measure of how far fluid must go to “circumnavigate” its way around particles: higher tortuosity indicates that water must go farther to get to its destination (a more tortuous path). But what controls their magnitude? The main factors are grain size and shape, sorting, porosity (degree of compaction or fracture aperture), particle orientation or alignment that affects the tortuosity of the flow path, and cementation. So…that’s how we define permeability and hydraulic conductivity. “thinner”), it will flow more easily through the aquifer. So even for the same aquifer, the hydraulic conductivity goes up if it is warmer! This makes some sense – if the water is less viscous (i.e. It is also important in considering the effects of temperature, because water viscosity decreases with increasing temperature: it’s less than half as viscous at 90° than at 32° F. water – whether you are thinking about an oil reservoir or contamination of groundwater by a gasoline spill). This is important for comparing different fluids (say, oil vs. More viscous fluids will flow more slowly through the same rock than less viscous ones. More specifically, it is the viscosity and density of the fluid that matter. ![]()
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